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James Dalton Trumbo (December 9, 1905 – September 10, 1976) was an American screenwriter and novelist. As one of the Hollywood Ten, he refused to testify before the House Un-American Activities Committee (HUAC) in 1947 during the committee's investigation of Communist influences in the motion picture industry. Trumbo won two Academy Awards while blacklisted; one was originally given to a front writer, and one was awarded to "Robert Rich", Trumbo's pseudonym.〔(AMPAS Oscar Trivia )〕 Blacklisting effectively ended in 1960 when it lost credibility. Trumbo was publicly given credit for two blockbuster films: Otto Preminger made public that Trumbo wrote the screenplay for the smash hit, ''Exodus'', and Kirk Douglas publicly announced that Trumbo was the screenwriter of ''Spartacus''.〔 Further, President John F. Kennedy crossed American Legion picket lines to see ''Spartacus''. On December 19, 2011, the Writers Guild of America announced that Trumbo was given full credit for his work on the screenplay of the 1953 romantic comedy ''Roman Holiday'', almost sixty years after the fact. ==Early life== Trumbo was born in Montrose, Colorado, the son of Maud (née Tillery) and Orus Bonham Trumbo. His family moved to Grand Junction in 1908.〔(Peter Hanson, ''Dalton Trumbo, Hollywood Rebel: A Critical Survey and Filmography'' ), McFarland, 2007, p. 12〕 He was proud of his paternal ancestor, a Franco-Swiss immigrant named Jacob Trumbo (possibly anglicized spelling), who settled in the colony of Virginia in 1736.〔(''Additional Dialogue; Letters of Dalton Trumbo, 1942-1962'' ), edited by M. Evans, Lippincott, 1970, footnote #10, p. 26〕 Trumbo graduated from Grand Junction High School. While still in high school, he worked as a cub reporter for the ''Grand Junction Daily Sentinel'', covering courts, the high school, the mortuary and civic organizations. He attended the University of Colorado at Boulder for two years, working as a reporter for the ''Boulder Daily Camera'' and contributing to the campus humor magazine, the yearbook and the campus newspaper. He was also a member of Delta Tau Delta International Fraternity. For nine years after his father died, he worked the night shift wrapping bread at a Los Angeles bakery, attended University of Southern California, reviewed some movies, and wrote 88 short stories and six novels that were rejected for publication.〔.〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Dalton Trumbo」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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